pepperberg study evaluation

deserving of detailed investigation and re-evaluation (e.g., Dautenhahn and Nehaniv, 2002, in press; Hurley and Chater, 2005), and a behaviour quite distinct from . Pepperberg Evaluation: Strengths of this method (with example from the study) Better control of all the variables as evidenced by: Alex suffered from boredom at times, so they varied his training to control for repetition behavior that were unrelated to the learning process. In a similar fashion to Latané and Darley's decision helping model, it has two stages that occur before we either help or don't help. The SD-OCT scans, fluorescence angiography and fundus photography will be independently analyzed by the ophthalmologist of the study center and by three reading centers (CIRCL Cologne, GRADE Bonn and M3 Münster). 2 From the study by Pepperberg . Includes a full overview of the study, including background, aims, procedure, results, conclusions and GRAVE evaluation. Giret et al., 2010), and the parrot species studied (e.g. To see whether a parrot could use vocal labels to demonstrate a symbolic understanding of the concepts 'same' and 'different'. CIE 9990 Psychology AS Studies Pepperberg 1987 Revise the 1987 study about 'Alex' . Sessions begin with a bird observing two humans handling Alex and Me (Pepperberg) Society. She was able . During M/R training, humans demonstrate to a bird different types of targeted interactions. Alex 's ability to recognize and use the meaning of words are considered by the researcher to be comparable to that of a two-year . Participants. A previous study (Rutledge & Pepperberg 1988) showed that Alex could respond to objects presented via a live video link; Grey Parrots thus can recognise two-dimensional video representations. Subjects consisted of nonradiology health care trainees. As well as being famous for his one liners, Alex apparently learned over 100 words, could name over 50 objects and knew his colours and shapes. morris13. The present study was therefore undertaken to see if an avian subject, the aforementioned African Grey par­ rot, could use vocal labels to demonstrate symbolic com­ prehension of the concepts of same and different. Abstract. 5 and 6 and accompanying text of Pepperberg et al. In addition, the study has great practical application as the study concluded that parrots are capable of demonstrating . Videos, therefore, demonstrated reference but lacked clear functionality. Power point for Pepperberg (Acquisition of the same/different concept by an African Grey parrot). 2:16 pm on May 14, 2013. 3 In the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia), the boy completed a disgust/fear hierarchy by giving a distress rating to different stimuli on a scale from 0-8. . She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first . 2009. Some of the findings of this research have been pro-vocative and nonobvious. Dec 2006. Age range: 16+ Resource type: Other (no rating) 0 reviews. But Pepperberg was convinced that birds, especially species that live in complex social networks, were intelligent animals. Pepperberg, an animal cognitive scientist and associate research professor at Brandeis University, made history with her landmark research involving Alex, an African Grey parrot. 2 UCLES 2019 9990/12/M/J/19 Answer all questions. Subsequent research efforts have expanded the types of cognitive processes examined (e.g. File previews. Aim. . 7 From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): (a) The 'model/rival technique' was used where one human acted as a trainer. 3 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. Parrots Anonymous. Dr. Irene Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949, Brooklyn, New York) is a scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots.She is a visiting professor of psychology at Brandeis University and the MIT media lab. I hope you are having good day and you are not too stressed about exams. In order for animals to identify items as same or different, they . For example, when the parrot was taking . Piliavin et al. She is an adjunct professor of psychology at Brandeis University and a lecturer at Harvard University. This document has a full COMPLETE notes of all the studies on the AS syllabus in a possible question-answer format. pptx, 10.22 MB. (salivating to the bell). 1 From the study by Andrade (doodling): (a) State the aim of this study. Paper 1 When evaluating a strength towards the Pepperberg (parrot learning) study, use of animals in this form of psychological research can be applied in a positive aspect. Below is a very brief summary of the Dement and Kleitman study. A previous study (Rutledge & Pepperberg 1988) showed that Alex could respond to objects presented via a live video link; Grey Parrots thus can recognise two-dimensional video representations. (brain scans and emotions). Dr. Irene Pepperberg explains the "treat substitution" trick, where a treat is moved from where the test subject assumes it should be or it is switched out with a less favored treat. SURVEY . Random. Table 1 lists 71 psittacine cognition studies, including species, sample size, cognitive process investigated. "Bird cognition was an oxymoron," she recalls. [1] (b) Describe the incident that the boy recalls that started his phobia of buttons. 2 UCLES 2020 9990/11/M/J/20 Answer all questions. Pepperberg, I. M. (1979, June).Functional word use in an African Grey parrot. [1] (iii) How many participants pressed the maximum voltage switch, labelled 450 volts? 2(a) From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): Identify the concept that was being tested in this study. The contribution of a gain reduction to background desensitization has been considered in a previous study (Pepperberg et al. 7. (Pepperberg) provides evidence of parrot cognitive processes (probabilistic reasoning, visual working memory) that are as good as, or better than those of 6- to 7-year-old human children. study, had had 26 years of intense training in interspecies communication . At least one of your evaluation points must be about the use of independent . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Animal Behavior Society, New Orleans, LA. Piliavin et al. METHOD Subject The subject, an African Grey parrot named Alex, had been the focus ofa study on interspecies communication and . Illustration: Lauren Tamaki. The Powerpoint includes links to a video and online articles. This lesson was specifically created to be utilized for an AICE Psychology course. Wolfgang Kohler, besides having one of the coolest names around, is well known for his studies on insight learning using chimpanzees. Information on examinations, visual acuity, treatment and recordings from imaging techniques will be documented using a questionnaire. The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots by Irene Pepperberg is reviewed from a behavior analytic orientation. For example, Alex the parrot was studied over a long period of time, making it an in-depth study thus producing rich data. 1994 ), we consider a simple mechanism in which background light produces a . Background and Research Hypothesis • The aim of the study was to examine role of classical conditioning in relation to fear and avoidance of a particular stimulus. Pepperberg Parrot Study; Asparagus Laney Study Analysis; The "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Study Notes; Psychology Summer Reading Assignment 2019 . [1] (b) Identify the purpose of using the brain scanning technique you named in part (a). In a similar fashion to Latané and Darley's decision helping model, it has two stages that occur before we either help or don't help. This volume makes another important "contribution to the development of the field" by presenting theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior . - During the day (8 hours), Alex had free access to all areas of the lab (when trainers were present) and at night was confined to a . +A strength of Pepperberg's study was that it was conducted as a case study. Preliminary research also seems to indicate that Alex could carry over the concept of four blue balls of wool on a tray to four notes from a piano. Non-Real Time (NRT) Integrated Studies-- Other integrated studies do not require real time Pepperberg, 2004), the number of individual subjects included (e.g. Irene M. Pepperberg is an associate research professor at Brandeis University in Massachusetts and teaches animal cognition at Harvard University. This review discusses recent studies of avian cognition contrasting two different approaches; the anthropocentric approach and the adaptive specialization approach. Share through pinterest; File previews. 1 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman (button phobia): (a) Identify the main research method of this study. Individual and situational This can be considered in relevance to Pepperberg's study, . Alex 's vocabulary and its purposeful use have led to a re-evaluation of the cognitive abilities of birds. Functional vocalizations by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie,55, 139-160. At least one of your evaluation points must be about the use of animals in psychological research. This is because Alex, the parrot, is not experiencing his privacy being invaded as there is evidence that displays how well he is being treated and how he is never at risk of harm. This review is mostly of The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots (2000), but it also includes a few comments on Dr. Pepperberg's other book on the same topic: Alex and Me: How a Scientist and a Parrot Discovered a Hidden World of Animal Intelligence and Formed a Deep Bond in the Process (2008).I initially planned to only read 1 of the books, but this one seemed . (brain scans and emotions) used adult participants. Q. If you do not have access to an AICE Psychology . api-366622089. February 25, 2021 by Irene Pepperberg, Ph.D. Parrots are special not only because they are vocal learners, but also because they are open-ended vocal learners, able to learn new utterances their entire lives. (1969) put forward the cost-reward arousal model as a major alternative to the decision model and state it represents a 'fine tuning' of the earlier model. The research method of the Pepperberg study can best be described as: answer choices At least one of your evaluation points must be about the use of quantitative Due in end of class! (1961) SAAVEDRA and SILVERMAN (2002) PEPPERBERG (1987) Social Approach. . 2013. Did the birds engaged in a cognitive evaluation of the situation and 'tune . Same/different. 1 From the study by Canli et al. It is argued that the most productive method is to combine the two approaches. Videos, therefore, demonstrated reference but lacked clear functionality. Did the birds engaged in a cognitive evaluation of the situation and 'tune . Original Study. "But this type of sharing isn't unheard of in the wild. Each study has its own page on the site, which you can find using the links at the top. It is crucial that, as well as knowing the studies, you understand the key ideas and methods of each of the five approaches, and that you can evaluate these using some of the issues, debates and perspectives in the specification (see below). Of the approximately 10,000 species of birds that have been identified, a bit fewer than half, less than 5,000, learn their vocalizations. Evaluation of laboratory experiments: Strengths - High control over extraneous variables means that they cannot confound the results, so a 'cause and effect' relationship between the IV and DV is often assumed. 1994). Pepperberg doesn't have a video of Alex's final experiments, but this video shows Alex adding up objects under two cups. This may be because he was For the ongoing study, 27-year-old Alex, and companion three-and-a-half-year-old Arthur, were trained with two human speakers to comprehend and label objects, colours, shapes and quantities. Pepperberg was also training him to recognize "4" as "four". New research conducted at Harvard demonstrates sharing behavior in African grey parrots. Evaluating Scholarly Papers. (brain scans and emotions): (a) Name one of the brain scanning techniques used in this study. . . Her detailed findings based on two decades of research were published in 1999 in The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey Parrots. Pepperberg (1999) provides a useful computer analogy when comparing mammalian and avian brains; . This video tries to explain a study by Irene Pepperberg on Parrot learning (same/different). If you like the video please do not forget to click the subscrib. Her work has been featured in major newspapers and magazines in the United States, Europe, and Asia, as well as on television, including the now-famous interview of . 8+-+Industrial+Product+Strategy.ppt . Hung M. Webster. [1] (ii) What label was underneath the switches from 375-420 volts on the generator? Relevant Background Primates Due to their understanding of language--researchers have been able to teach language to them via sign language or pointing to symbols. She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first to try to extend . . [1] (b) How was the 'monitoring performance score' calculated for each participant? When Irene Pepperberg started working with parrots four decades ago, the term "bird-brained" was shorthand for unintelligent. Hello! responses did cover the four evaluation points but were brief or did not use the Pepperberg study as examples which meant the response gained limited credit. why was the study carried out, what was the sample size, findings, evaluate strengths and weaknesses. Opportunity. 3.4615384615384617 14 reviews. Irene M. Pepperberg Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, United States . Download Limit Exceeded You have exceeded your daily download allowance. Hung M. Webster. study of the good Samaritan's act and an associated phenomenon, the evaluation of victims by bystanders and agents. 2 UCLES 2020 9990/11/M/J/20 Answer all questions. 1991. Premack It has been seen that they have been able to use and form meaningful sentences. pptx, 1.56 MB. • In the context of a specific phobia, researchers wanted to see if using a type of exposure therapy could reduce the disgust and distress associated with buttons. Psychology Case Study Evaluation Graphic Organizer. answer choices . that used chimpanzees as participants: Training to acquire "color" and "shape" as labels separate from the questions "What color?" 2 marks Alex scored well above chance on tests for same/different with familiar objects (1 mark). "I think people usually think of the natural world as being akin to Tennyson's 'Nature, red in tooth and claw,' " said Irene Pepperberg, a psychology researcher and co-author of the study. The first study replicates work performed with children by Piaget. . The concept of categorization persists in other species. 1 2(b) Alex the parrot remained in his cage during 'sleep hours'. 1 In his study, Milgram used a fake shock generator to measure levels of obedience. 6 UCLES 2019 9990/13/M/J/19 8 Patty has learned about the study by Canli et al. [3] (c) Outline the results from the 6-month follow-up. A detailed summary of the core study for the new CIE AS psychology course (9990) - contains: keywords, background, Aims/hypotheses, sampling methods . The study has enabled researchers to use these techniques to ascertain that other animals are also have the capability to reason with abstract categories . We examined whether a nonhuman might succeed in an experiment based on probabilistic . Evaluate the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning) in terms of two strengths and two weaknesses. Description. She has been a visiting associate professor at MIT's Media Lab, later accepting a research . That number is still expanding. Pepperberg (1987) Subject: Psychology. . There is also a page for each approach. The entire course is set up so that students become critical consumers (and, at the end of the course, producers) of research.

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